SONNETS AS DRAMATIC SPEECH
adapting the sonnets as plays
Shakespeare wrote 154 sonnets. Well, not exactly.
There are 154 poems in the famous collection of
Shakespeare’s sonnets. But, in fact, one
of the poems, number 126, has only 12 lines and is rhymed aa bb cc dd ee, so it’s
not really a sonnet like the others. Some
other sonnets are slightly defective, with an extra line or a missing word. It’s
also worth mentioning that sonnets numbers 153 and 154 are quite different from
the others.
In addition to the sonnets in this collection, there are
several sonnets that Shakespeare himself used as dialog in the plays, the lines
sometimes shared between characters, notably in Romeo and Juliet. For example, in Act I scene 5, Romeo and
Juliet share a sonnet, trading lines and quatrains as dialog. (See NOTES, below.)
Some other sonnets, probably by Shakespeare, apparently have
also been published, including one that appears to be the first draft of a more
familiar sonnet.
The remaining 151 sonnets – counting slightly defective ones, and ignoring numbers 153 & 154
and those sonnets from the plays – are usually loosely grouped into two
categories: those said to be about a young man and those said to be about a
sultry “dark” woman.
Most often, the sonnets are taken to be in Shakespeare’s
voice and more-or-less autobiographical.
I want to forget that and treat the sonnets very
differently.
There is no guarantee the published order is what was intended
by Shakespeare. In fact, some of the
sonnets seem to be out of order – given their similarity in theme to other
sonnets some distance away. Many of the sonnets do not actually identify even
the gender of the speaker or of the subject; the speaker is assumed to be
Shakespeare, and the subject is inferred from the sonnets published position.
The meaning of many of the sonnets is ambiguous. Depending on – for example –
how the grammar is interpreted, the sonnet can mean quite different things. One famous example is in the final phrase of
the last line of Sonnet 116 when “I never
writ nor no man ever loved” can mean either “No man has ever loved anyone,” or “I never loved a man.”
Shakespeare was a playwright as well as a poet, and in the
plays he speaks in the voice of each of the characters. I want to take a selection of sonnets out of
their usual context, re-arrange them, and see what life each has when it is combined
with other sonnets to tell a story. Each sonnet will be the dialog of some
character. The text of each sonnet will be honored, and there will be no a
priori assertion about who is speaking or who they are speaking to, except what
makes sense in the new context.
The sonnets seem to contain several threads of stories, and
several characters; for example:
An older man.
“Will”
A young man
A young man who is as beautiful as a woman
Two poets
A woman with a dark complexion
A woman with dark eyes
A woman with dark hair
A man (or men) and a woman (or women) who love each other
A woman (or women) and a man (or men) who are unfaithful to
their lover
A person who travels away from his love.
A person who is sick
A person who possibly dies
A person (or persons) who are lonely and forlorn
A man (or persons) who do not want children
And a person urging them to have children.
The usual interpretation conflates these possibly different
characters as follows:
- The
Younger Man - the young man, the
beautiful young man, an unfaithful lover, and the person who does not want
children
- The
Rival Poet - a rival for the Young
Man’s affection
- The
Dark Lady of the Sonnets – a woman with dark eyes, dark hair and dark
complexion, who is a passionate lover and unfaithful
- Shakespeare
– Will, the older man, the first poet, and the person urging the Young Man
to have children, the lover of the Young Man and the Dark Lady and
possibly others, the lover threatened by the Rival Poet, and an unfaithful
lover.
But…
It is very interesting to look at each sonnet for only what
is contained intrinsically within it, and possibly separate some of these
different personae into separate characters, letting the different characters
tell their stories of love and betrayal in their own words through the sonnets.
This approach frees the sonnets from the prison of “lyric verse,” and liberates the fierce
meanings and emotions they contain, which are sometimes obscured by the notion
of these sonnets as “poetry”.
It should be noticed that the ability to do this depends in
part on the fact that the sonnets describe elemental human emotions and
behavior, and do not depend, like the plays do, on the customs of Elizabethan
times, or on the circumstances of the real or mythical environment in which each
play is set.
For this reason, plays built from sonnets can be completely
modern, or, more accurately, timeless.
All that is necessary is for each character to be the kind of person who
would naturally talk that way.
So the goal in performing the play – having mastered the verse and the language and the meaning – is to
for each character to speak the lines to the character they are talking to as
natural dialog, with a purpose, an intention, an objective, a state of being,
an emotional state, and a life that exists in the circumstances that have been
given in the play up to the moment. In other words the sonnets are acted with
all the technique of modern, natural theater.
I should re-emphasize that part about “having mastered the verse and the language and the meaning”. In
order to act the sonnets, one must first master the poetry. Acting is the
second step. A brilliant teacher, William Packard, proposed a method of
attacking the performance of poetry that I believe actually works: More or less
in this sequence, in brief it is…
1. First
learn the poem;
2. Then
understand the poetic structure;
3. Train
the ear to hear the poem (by speaking it out loud over and over and over and
over and…);
4. Then
find the elements in the poem on which you can mentally and physically focus as
you perform the poem;
5. Then
understand the meaning of the poem;
6. And
only then can you work on acting...
I have constructed several plays from the sonnets: (Each is quite different from the others,
sometimes with the same sonnet having quite a different role and meaning in one
play than it has in others. In fact, I have found it especially interesting
that the same sonnet spoken by different
characters at different times and places in the same play, can become very
different in its meaning and emotional content.) I should note that – in the spirit of sonnets having multiple possible interpretations –
the three principal characters in these plays are Will (an older man), Dawn (Will’s true love – a woman), and Eve (the Dark Lady of the
sonnets).
KISS
A one-sonnet, one song, 2 minute play (or video).
THE BARE TRUTH
A two character, 10 minute play about an explosive love.
LOVE IS MY SIN
A two (or three) character half-hour short play, about two
characters who are in love. The older man has a brief affair with the Dark
Lady, and then returns to his first love to deal with his betrayal.
LOVE’S FINE WIT
A full length play with three characters, and Elizabethan
music and dance integrated into the story, which describes a three sided love
triangle and all its complications; with some additional themes, notably the
older man’s illness.
NOTES:
Performances:
LOVE IS MY SIN had a lightly staged performance before an
audience Off-Off-Broadway a few years ago.
An abridged LOVE’S FINE WIT had a staged reading
with Elizabethan songs and music before an audience at the Cornelia Street Café
in New York
on Shakespeare’s birthday this year.
The future…
I would love to do a commercial production of the full
length play – I have ideas for who would
direct that and play the characters.
I would also like to bring a staged version of the sonnet
play to colleges, together with a workshop: train the students in Packard’s
method of performing poetry; work with the students to help them understand the
sonnets, and then have the students perform.
What would Shakespeare think?
I suspect that Shakespeare actually created several of the
sonnets in conjunction with writing plays and other works: that he thought of
at least some of them as dramatic, and not necessarily as lyric,
autobiographical poetry. There are, for example, similar ideas and echoes:
- Between
parts of Othello and the Dark Lady sonnets
- Between
parts of the Rape of Lucrece and sonnet 129 “The expense of spirit…”
- And between
several sonnets and Love’s Labours Lost
- And in
Romeo
and Juliet, as mentioned above, Shakespeare explicitly uses a
sonnet, himself, as dramatic speech, sharing lines between the two
lovers.
However, I somehow
doubt there was an Off-Off-London theater in Shakespeare’s time that ever produced
a play from the sonnets.
And if the sonnets really are autobiographical…
Even returning to the classic notion of the sonnets as
autobiographical, having looked at the sonnets from this new, intense approach,
fresh insights into the richness, subtleties and force of the sonnets – and
what that might mean about their author -- have been gained!
References & Links
Two important books analyzing the sonnets are:
Booth, Stephen – Shakespeare’s Sonnets
Vendler, Helen – The Art of Shakespeare’s Sonnets
An important book about the music from Shakespeare’s plays is:
Duffin, Ross W – Shakespeare’s Songbook.
Some articles about sonnet plays from QPORIT:
LOVE'S FINE WIT (with
ME) April 23 AT THE CORNELIA
STREET CAFE
LOVE IS MY SIN
(includes the script of a ½ hour 2 char play constructed from the
sonnets)
ON THE WAY TO TIMBUKTU
(with
a rumination on the art of making plays from Shakespeare’s sonnets)
Other links to QPORIT:
QPORIT’S 3D VIDEO
CHANNEL
QPORIT
QPORIT 3D
TWITTER
The Sonnet in Romeo and Juliet Act I scene 5
ROMEO:
If I profane with my unworthiest hand
This holy shrine, the gentle fine is this:
My lips, two blushing pilgrims, ready stand(100)
To smooth that rough touch with a tender kiss.
JULIET:
Good pilgrim, you do wrong your hand too much,
Which mannerly devotion shows in this;
For saints have hands that pilgrims’ hands do touch,
And palm to palm is holy palmers’ kiss.(105)
ROMEO:
Have not saints lips, and holy palmers too?
JULIET:
Ay, pilgrim, lips that they must use in prayer.
ROMEO:
O, then, dear saint, let lips do what hands do!
They pray; grant thou, lest faith turn to despair.
JULIET:
Saints do not move, though grant for prayers’ sake. (110)
ROMEO:
Then move not while my prayer's effect I take.
Labels: dark lady of the sonnets, Love is my Sin, Shakespeare, sonnets
